1948 paper on the spirochetes and how the tiny granules (cysts and blebs) can grow into fresh spirochetes. This was with syphilis spirochetes, but borrelia are totally the same in their life cycle too.

1948 paper on the spirochetes and how the tiny granules (cysts and blebs) can grow into fresh spirochetes. This was with syphilis spirochetes, but borrelia are totally the same in their life cycle too.
1948!!
http://kroun.ulmarweb.dk/York2003/Hampp.htm

<<The electron micrographs demonstrate that this explanation is wrong, and that free granules are definitely a phase in the development of spirochetes. Although it is not possible to determine from these micrographs that the granules are germinative units their constant rhythmic occurrence in living cultures suggests this possibility. Further support of this hypothesis is provided by the fact that cultures up to 31 months old, showing only refractile granules by dark-field examination have invariably given normal growths on transfer to fresh medium (Hampp, 1946) >>

1948-Hampp.htm

kroun.ulmarweb.dk

Morphologic characteristics of certain cultured strains of oral spirochetes and Treponema pallidum as revealed by the electron microscope.