<< In the light of recent studies showing the presence of
spirochetes in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, we have
studied (post mortem) the hippocampus region in the brains of similarly
affected AD patients utilizing both pathology and immunohistochemistry.
Our findings demonstrate that the plaques, which are characteristically found in AD brains, reveal the presence of biofilms. These biofilms are undoubtedly made by the spirochetes present there; further, we have also found that the biofilms co-localize with the β amyloid that is a signature finding in the disease.
Our findings demonstrate that the plaques, which are characteristically found in AD brains, reveal the presence of biofilms. These biofilms are undoubtedly made by the spirochetes present there; further, we have also found that the biofilms co-localize with the β amyloid that is a signature finding in the disease.
Also, we have shown activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in the same
areas. We postulate this is related to the disease because this innate
immune system molecule cannot penetrate the biofilm to destroy the
spirochetes present there, so, in as much as it is activated, it
destroys the surrounding tissue instead. We compare this destruction to
that which is caused by activation of the adaptive immune system, which
leads to much more severe devastation, much more rapidly.>>
