Epidemiology
Lyme
arthritis was originally recognized because of an outbreak of
monoarticular and oligoarticular arthritis in children in Lyme,
Connecticut in the 1970s.1 It then became apparent that Lyme disease was
a complex multisystem illness affecting
primarily skin, nervous system, heart or joints.2 Prior to the use of
antibiotic therapy for treatment of the disease, about 60% of untreated
patients developed Lyme arthritis, a late disease manifestation.3 In
recent years, over 30,000 cases of Lyme disease have been reported
annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and in
a third of reported cases, arthritis was a manifestation of the
disease.4 However, recent CDC estimates suggest the actual number of
infections with the Lyme disease spirochete may be 10-fold higher.5